Kant, Hegel and Schnopenhauer, errrrr!?

So, a pre-warning as this blog may be completely confusing as I missed this particular lecture, due to being ill as normal. Ultimately, it seems not many others understood the lecture anyway so it seems I am going to know even less than them.


Kant
- His book named "A Critique of Pure Reason' which was published in 1781, sought to prove that all knowledge comes from experience. He states that if you put your hand in fire and it burns you, it can be proven that fire burns. 
- Kant says that our knowledge is based on both logic and ideas that aren't found in logic.
- Analytic = things that are based on the idea of contradiction e.g. 'a tall man is a man' is true as 'a tall man isn't a man' would be contradictory.
- Synthetic = anything we know by experience e.g. 'yesterday was cold', ultimately there is no evidence to prove whether this is correct or not apart from our own personal experiences.
- Kant refused to accept the fact that all synthetic propositions are found through experience. He therefore concluded the following terms and their meanings;
Empirical Proposition = knowledge that is found by our senses 
A Priori Proposition = something that has grounding in something other than just experience, but we learn about due to experience.


Hegel
- Hegel was inspired by Kant and the work that he produced
- Karl Marx was a disciple of his
- Hegel believed that the world was similar to a large organism and that we are not viewing the world in its truest sense. 
- A Thesis = an idea
- An Antithesis = the opposite idea
'Real is rational and rational is real'
'The whole = the absolute'
- The absolute is 'pure being' as it does not have any properties other than simply existing to contain all that is within. 
- The dialetic triad is used by Hegel to discover the true nature of reality itself.
- Hegel believed the world was constantly changing even though we can not see it.
- He states that change is the only constant thing, yet despite this change, everything retains it's being.
I.e, if you were building a house, but go round slowly replacing everything such as the tiles and bricks, the house would still be there yet it would be completely different.


Schnopenhauer
Yes, I agree I can't even pronounce his name either so I wouldn't even bother trying. Unless you think your something else, but you've probably just used the online pronunciation website anyway!
- So, Schnopenhauer is a pessimist whereas most of the other philosophers I mention are optimists.
- He dislikes Christianity, preferring such religions as Buddhism and Hinduism. 
- Schnopenhauer believes that the world is a will and idea. He said it was dictated by the Holy Ghost. 
- He, unlike Hegel, retained the thing itself but identified it with will.
(I don't have many notes on Schnopenhauer in general as he wasn't really covered in either my lecture nor seminar, and I have to admit, his section in Russell doesn't make much sense either so I apologise for this!)